Truman Doctorine- Communism somewhere, then US will back the
other side resisting communism
Office Economic
Opportunity- OEO- Control welfare spending did things to try to end poverty
Tet Offensive-
North Vietnam invades South Vietnam
Nisei, Issei- Japs
born in American camps
Brown vs Board of
Education- End school discrimination of race
Dienbenphu- Battle in which French falls
M16- Jam when wet, Superior technology but it
doesn’t work in Vietnam battlefields
Pleiku- 1964,
Vietnam kills American advisors. Troops
come to protest. Massive troop expansion
Richard Nixon-
Anti communism. Expanded govt,
diplomatic relationships, affirmative action, EPA.
SALT- Nixon
Treaty. Reduce number of firearms to
limit nuclear activities.
Ranch houses- Same floorplans, 1 floor houses.
Ike- R followed Truman 1950’s. Tough on communism and his department shut
down McCarthy. Domestic policies helped
growth of suburbs. Interstates made by Eisenhower.
FHA loans-
fronted money to banks and allowed low mortgage rates.
Levittown- Long
Island, NY. Levitt. Rapid expansion of home
The Other America-
Rich/poor America. The other America is
full of poverty
Lyndon B Johnson-
Vietnam, gets authority to do what he thinks is best in war. Massive increase of ground troops at Gulf of
Tomkin
Domino Theory- If
north Vietnam falls, then south will also fall
Escalation-
Escalate the amount of ground troops
Contain- Try to
keep communism from spreading.
Great Society-
Increase social security spending.
Medicare/Medicade. Government
housing.
Civil Rights Act
1964- End Discrimination
Civil Rights Act
1965- Voting Descrimination
Army Republic Vietnam
(ARVN) - Army of the South Vietnam.
Plessy vs Furgusen- separate but equal is constitutional.
5:5:3-
5 ton brittish, 5 ton American, 3 ton Japanese.
Zimmerman
Note- if the United States appeared likely to enter the war he
was to approach the Mexican government with a proposal for military alliance.
Normalcy- No
more crusade, no more depression, no more league of nation, no more
progressivism, peace and quiet
Calvin
Coolidge
·
Offered
no programs. Unwillingness to act when needed
·
Suffered
from depression
·
Died
in 1933
Herbert
Hoover
·
Organize
relief efforts to save war in Europe
·
Secretary
of commerance
·
9
million Russians saved
·
business
act/work smoothly
o
deregulate
o
stock
commissions with businessmen
o
Rugged
individualism
Woodrow
Wilson- Idealistic “make
world safe for democracy, peace without victory. (doesn’t want countries to be
hurt by war
§
14
points
§
League
of majority
§
Freedom
of trade
ú
National
Self determination- going to war to ensure peace is a good thing
Teddy Roosevelt- antitrust, and
New Nationalism. He wanted
executive agencies (not the courts) to regulate business.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt- combination of
optimism and economic activism is often
credited with keeping the country's economic crisis from developing into a
political crisis. He led the United States through most of World War II
Ronald Reagan- implemented new
political and economic initiatives "Reaganomics" advocated
reduced business regulation, controlled inflation, reduced growth in government
spending, and offered tax cuts.
Booker T Washington- early 1900’s. improved the overall friendship and working
relationship between the races. increased access of blacks to higher education,
financial power, and understanding of the U.S. legal system led to the Civil
Rights Movement of the 1960s
Harry S Truman- eventful in foreign affairs, decision to
use nuclear weapons against Japan, the founding
of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan to rebuild
Europe, the Truman Doctrine to contain
communism.
Article X-
put us into the league of nations.
People wouldn’t be forced into war abroad.
Kellog-Briand Pact-
Agree never to go to war to achieve ends. going to war to ensure peace is a
good thing
Washington Conference- 1920’s, 5 Power Treaty. every 5 tons us has, it has to be
the same for all other countries. 9-power treaty protects china
Whip Inflation Now (WIN) buttons-
buttons Gerald Ford handed out as an attempt for movement to combat inflation. Proposed to affect supply and demand
Tennessee Valley Authority-
provide navigation, flood control, electricity, and economic
development in a region
particularly affected by the Great Depression.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program for unemployed
young men age 18-24. manual labor
related to the conservation and development of natural resources
Works Progress Administration (WPA)- FDR
New Deal agency, employing
millions to carry out public works projects It fed
children and redistributed food, clothing, and housing.
Office of Price Administration (OPA)- control prices and and rents after the outbreak of World War 2. FDR
Reconstruction finace
corporation (RFC) - an agency of the United States government chartered in 1932 under
Herbert Hoover to rescue poorly capitalized institutions
Agricultural Adjustment
Administration (AAA)- strict agricultural production in the New Deal era by paying
farmers to reduce crop area. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus to effectively raise the value of crops
Congress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO) -a former United States trade union federation
also known as the Committee of Industrial Organization that merged to form the
AFL-CIO in 1955
National Recovery
Administration (NRA)- was a New Deal agency in the United States. Created under
the National Industrial Recovery Actin 1933. FDR
allowed industries to create "codes of fair competition," which
were intended to reduce "destructive competition" and to help workers
by setting minimum wages and maximum
weekly hours.
War Industries Board (WIB)- government
agency created to increase efficiency of the United States to coordinate the
purchase of war supplies. The
organization encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to
increase efficiency and urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products.
House Committee on Un-American
Activities (HUAC)-
(1938-1975) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)- Military alliance between many governments
around world. member
states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.
Citizens Council- an American white supremacist organization
formed in 1954. Southerners, opposition to racial integration
Alger Hiss- was involved in the establishment of the United Nations both as a U.S. State Department and UN official.
Hiss was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and
convicted of 2 accounts of perjury in connection
with this charge in 1950.
The Maine- Maine had been sent to Havana, Cuba to protect U.S.
interests during the Cuban revolt against Spain
Exploded in 1898. U.S. blamed Spain & was one of the precipitating
events of the Spanish–American War
Orval Faubus- known for his
1957 stand against the desegregation of Little
Rock public schools during the Little Rock Crisis ordered the Arkansas
National Guard to stop African American students from
attending Little Rock Central High School.
Edsel- Brand of Ford that was in 1958-1960.
The word "Edsel" has become
synonymous with failure.
Marshall Plan-
European recovery program which wanted to rebuild
and create a stronger economic foundation for the countries of Western Europe.
Douglas MacArthur- an American
general, and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was one of
only five men ever to rise to the rank of General of the Army and the only one
to become a field marshal in the Philippine Army.
Caine Mutiny- Pulitzer
Prize winning novel by Herman Wouk. personal
experiences aboard a destroyer-minesweeper in the Pacific in World War II. Told about deals
with, and the moral and ethical decisions made at sea by the captains of ships.
The Rosenberg Case- Julies &
Ethel American communists who were
executed in 1953 for conspiracy to commit espionage. This was the
first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history
Taft-Hartley Act- monitors the
activities and power of labor unions. Truman argued
it would "conflict with important principles of our democratic society.
Malcolm X- a man who
indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black
Americans. e has been described as one of the greatest and most influential
African Americans in history
Martin Luther King Jr.- prominent leader
in the African American civil rights movement. His main
legacy was to secure progress on civil
rights in the United
States. Led Montgomery Bus Boycott and I
have a dream speech raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement
Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political
and social protest campaign started
in 1955. intended to oppose the city's
policy of racial segregation on its buses
Northern Securities Case was an important United States railroad trust formed in 1902
and the companys were convicted under the Sherman Antitrust Act. Northern Securities case was one of
the earliest and most important antitrust cases.
Watergate- a 1972 break-in
at the Watergate Hotel by members of President Richard Nixon's administration
and the resulting cover-up
Berlin Crisis of 1961- European
military incident of the Cold War about the
occupational status of the German capital city, Berlin. The U.S.S.R. provoked the
Berlin Crisis with an ultimatum demanding the
withdrawal of Western armed forces from West Berlin.
Attorney Generals List-
intended
to be a compilation of organizations trying to overthrow the United States
government. Among those were: alleged Communist fronts, the Ku Klux Klan and the Nazi Party.
Bonus Army-
assemblage
of some 43,000 marchers—World War I veterans, their
families, and affiliated groups, who protested to receive cash-payment
redemption of their war service. Protest
in in Washington, D.C., in spring and
summer of 1932.
Detroit Riot- Police
confrontations with patrons and observers on the street evolved into one of the
deadliest and most destructive riots in U.S. history. 1967
Golden Ghetto- It acquired its
name from the thriving Jewish community there
from about 1930 to the mid-1970s. North side of Chicago.
Trust-busting is any
government activity designed to kill trusts or monopolies. Theodore Roosevelt is the U.S. president most associated
with dissolving trusts.
New Freedom- policy of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson which promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and
reform in banking and currency matters.
Lend-Lease –United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast
amounts of war material between 1941 and
1945 in return for military bases
Cash and Carry Laws- a revision of
the Neutrality Acts, designed to
aid the British. Maintain neutrality
between the United States and European countries
Salk Vaccine- Franklin
D. Roosevelt was the world's
most recognized victim of polio and founded the organization that would
fund the development of a vaccine.
Treaty of Versailles- peace treaties signed at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
League of Nations- inter-governmental
organization founded as a result of the Treaty
of Versailles. Goal
is to prevent war by settling
international disputes through negotiation and arbitration
Woodstock- free outdoor
music festival 1969 and is regarded as
one of the greatest and most pivotal moments in popular music history
The Lusitania- US ocean liner
that was torpedoed by German U-boat. turned public
opinion in many countries against Germany, and was instrumental in bringing the United States into World War I.
The Brothel, the Boss, and the Bar
Reform
The Boss presents A Poser for Democracy
The Broker Boss
·
Privileges, patronage, protection
o
Keeps the boss with an occupation
o
Privilege- Give people opportunity for job
o
Patronage – Boss can get you a job or can get you
fired
o
Protection- Somebody to keep the cops off so
that they are not harassed (Whorehouses need protection so they can still make
revenue)
o
Gets power from a contract
·
“honest craft”
o
Honest in that he was never caught, but was a
ruthless politician.
o
You are not getting good service
§
You are being taken
·
Protecting the powerless
o
Boss is the only one who can do this
Moral Reformers cant do the job
·
1890’s, Moral Reformers upstate legislature
people, props man.
o
Fighting the saloon & Whorehouse
§
Close down on Sunday
o
Sunday Closing Laws
o
Raines Law
§
Close down all drinking on Sunday except in
restaurant and hotels
ú
Reform a place to saloon & whorehouse
Goo-goos (Liberal reformers) Miss the point
·
Know what they want
·
Clean government – cut unnecessary budgets,
lower taxes
·
Unsynthetic government
·
Mugwumps and cheapskates
o
Mugwump- Independent voter who supports one
party or another
Why reformers never last
·
Cops
·
Teddy Roosevelt
·
Fighting a tiger with tennis racket
Four Discoveries lead to Progressivism
1.
Clean govt isn’t enough
·
need to have a govt that’s as good and
considerate as the bosses
o
Sam “Golden Rule” Jones
§
Toledo, OH mayor.
ú
Provide workers with care
ú
Golden Rule
·
Do to others as others do to you
ú
Give people a government that cares
·
Clean government not enough
o
Hanzen “Potatoe Patch” Pingree
§
Detroit, MI. wants clean government
ú
Builds parks and recreation for people
ú
Marked as socialist
o
Tom Johnson
§
Reformer from Cleveland
§
Street carline owner
ú
Taken over by govt
·
Utilities to be taken care of by government
·
Charge a lower rate
2.
Environment makes people
·
People do things because there is nowhere else
to go or nothing else to do.
·
Transform people to have more activities
o
Social Darwinism inside out
o
Daniel Burnham’s “City beautiful”
o
Playgrounds, not alleys
o
Jane Addams of Hull-house
3. Many
cultures, many virtues
·
Perfectly clear, Perfectly simple
·
Recognize and accept the different views and
virtues in culture
4.
“Follow the money”
·
Find out that people who make the most from
bosses are not poor.
·
Needs of state/city combine and go to big corps
that run the city.
Democracy – Liberty – The right to vote
Efficiency?
City commissions
A public interest to beat special interests
City reform isn’t enough
Coda Murphys Law – The Triangle fire 1911
Corruption - city (political machine & the
boss)
·
People are run by the machine
·
Boss Twead robbed $200 million for NYC
o
Made up the votes when he needed to
o
Ended up spending most of life in prison
Plunkitt
making good case for bosses?
·
Bosses not supposed to do people favors
Boss
Richard Croaker
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