Final
May 4th at 5:30
Cretaceous Meat-eating dinosaurs
Tyrannosaurs
(N. America-China
·
T-Rex (N America)
o
What do the bones tell us about this animal
o
How can scientists determine aspects of sight
smell hearing and fossil bones?
·
“Sue” a very expensive T-Rex
Spinosaurs
(Africa)
·
Spinosaurus (Africa)
·
What does the skull look like?
·
What’s on its back and what is it used for?
Giant Allosaur descendents
·
Giganotosaurus (South America)
Spinosaurs (spiny reptiles)
·
Many types.
All have crocodile-like jaws and tall vertebrate spines
o
Similar to Nile Crocodile
Ouranosaurus
·
Duckbilled hardrosaur from Cretaceous of Africa
and also had a sail
Carnotaurus
·
One from Disney movie
Charcarodonotosaurus
·
Shark-Toothed
End cretaceous (KT) extinction
·
Short (KT) for Cretaceous because c was already
used in Cambrian)
Extinct=
Dinosaurs, pterosaurs, giant marine reptiles
Deccan
traps. India
·
Extensive lava flows more than 2400 m (7200 ft)
thick, which accumulated at the end od the Cretaceous
Volcanic
theory -know 4 finals
Meteor
Impact theory- know for final
Alvarez,
iridum, tsunami
·
Iridum
o
Alvarez experimental find of high concentration
element - iridium
·
Shocked quartz?
o
Extremely hard mineral
o
Shock quartz only found on meteors
·
Evidence rock was circular
Tektites
·
Who are they, where r they found
o
Glass like beads of molten rock found around
Gulf Coast
o
This means that there was a meteor impact
Chain
of events that lead to extinction
·
Explosion
o
Blast wave
·
Molten material cause global fires
·
Dust from explosion are fires block out sun
·
Climate change comes
·
Plants die from burning, lack of sun, and
climatic factors
·
Big plant eaters dies
·
Big meat eaters die
·
Only small things that
(1) don’t need much food.
(2) scavenge or can eat anything.
(3) have numerous offspring
Adaptive
radiation
·
What 2 things are favored in survivors?
·
How do adaptive radiations occur
·
Know 4 parts!
Mesonyx (Paleocene)
·
Hoofed Carnivore (think of with sharp teeth)
Andrewsarchus
(Eocene)
·
Placental carnivorous mammal
·
Giagantic
·
Sharp cutting teeth in front large-flat crushing
teeth
Indricotherium
·
Largest land mammal of all time
Whale
evolution
Ambulocetus
(land to sea)
·
Walking whale
What
kind of bone evidence indicates that ancient animals are whale ancestors or
that whales were once land animals?
Horse
evolution
·
What r the body and bone changes from ancestors
to present?
o
Horses have hoofs.
o
Oldest ancestor = Hyracotherium
·
Tooth changes?
·
Not a straight line ancestry
Elephant
evolution
·
Small to large size
·
Tusk changes
·
What is the bone evidence for a trunk?
Most
modern mammal families weren’t around in the Cretaceous.
Pakicetus
·
Not just changes in limbs to fins needed to
change teeth, hearing, lungs, and of course ultimitly size
·
Eocene of India
·
Skull of a possible whale ancestor w/ legs
When
does north and south America connect
Glyptodont?
Why
are Australian mammals dominated by marsupial mammals when the rest of the
world isn’t?
Human
evolution
Hominid
·
Hominoids are members of the family hominidae
(great apes) which includes chimps
Australopithecus
oldest hominid
·
Ape like face w/ protruding jaw and heavy brow
·
Large black teeth
·
Bony skull ridge
·
Africa
·
A bipedal ape (evidence?)
Homo
erectus
·
Africa at Olduvai Gorge
·
Fossils had been found in Indonesia and China so
called Java-man” in 1920-1930
·
First widespread humans
·
Out of Africa, tools, fire
Homo
sapiens-sapiens (Neanderthal)
·
Heavy brow ridges, barrel chest impression of
brute, but beautiful cave painting, and tools show that it had a culture with
complex social structure
·
Had brain size od 1,300 cm3 (similar to ours)
5
traits that appear to have followed humanoid evolution
·
Significant brain enlargement in a relatively
short period of time = encephalization (partially due to being meat eaters)
·
Bipedalism and more upright posture
Pleistocene
Ice age mammals and 6th mass extinction
Sabre-tooth
tiger (smilodon)
La
Brea Tar Pits, California
·
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